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土家腊肉

【最春节的味道:土家腊肉,年的符号】


过年的时候,土家人除了要吃表示霉气尽头、年年有余、清清白白的芋头、鱼、豆腐、青菜外,腊猪头与腊猪屁股肉,更是土家人必不可少的两样,因为这代表有头有尾,有始有终。春节团圆,来年平安,自然而然,腊肉也就成了土家族年的符号与象征,成为最能代表春节的年味。


土家人居住在武陵山区,山高路远,难得出一次山,长期过着自给自足的半隐居生活。养猪种粮,不过是为了保障一年的生计所需,养猪以野草与粗粮为主,猪肉细腻嫩滑。


每至腊月,土家人都要宰杀年猪,宰杀后的猪被分成一条一条,置于大缸中盐腌制一星期,然后挂在自家火坑上面熏制,土家人会时不时往火堆里扔一些桔子皮(陈皮)、肉桂树枝、山胡椒树枝、花椒树枝、茶子壳(油茶外壳残渣)、新鲜的柏树松树丫枝等一起熏,使其色泽红亮香味浓郁,久放不坏,以保证来年一年都有肉吃。


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